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XML check=relaxed|normal|strict Specify how strictly to regulate the integration of an MS-DOS filesystem when mounting it. conv=binary|text|auto Specify method by which to convert files on MS-DOS and ISO 9660 filesystems. debug Turn debugging on for MS-DOS and ext2fs filesystems. errors=continue|remount|ro|panic Specify action to take when encountering an error. ext2fs filesystems only. -r Mount filesystem read-only. -t type Specify the filesystem type. Possible values are: minix, ext, ext2, xiafs, hpfs, msdos, umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, smbfs, ncpfs, affs, ufs, romfs, sysv, xenix, and coherent. Note that ext and xiafs are valid only for kernels older than 2.1.21 and that sysv should be used instead of xenix and coherent. -v Display mount information verbosely. -w Mount filesystem read/write. This is the default. Files /etc/fstab List of filesystems to be mounted and options to use when mounting them. /etc/mtab List of filesystems that are currently mounted and the options with which they were mounted. Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands

O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless defaults Use all options’ default values (async, auto, dev, exec, nouser, rw, suid). dev Interpret any special devices that exist on the filesystem. exec Allow binaries to be executed. noauto Do not allow mounting via the -a option. nodev Do not interpret any special devices that exist on the filesystem. noexec Do not allow the execution of binaries on the filesystem. nosuid Do not acknowledge any suid or sgid bits. nouser Only privileged users will have access to the filesystem. remount Expect the filesystem to have already been mounted, and remount it. ro Allow read-only access to the filesystem. rw Allow read/write access to the filesystem. suid Acknowledge suid and sgid bits. sync Read input and output to the device synchronously. user Allow unprivileged users to mount the filesystem. Note that the defaults on such a system will be nodev, noexec, and nosuid, unless otherwise specified.

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online mount [options] [special-device] [directory] System administration command. Mount a file structure. mount announces to the system that a removable file structure is present on special-device. The file structure is mounted on directory, which must already exist and should be empty; it then becomes the name of the root of the newly mounted file structure. If mount is invoked with no arguments, it displays the name of each mounted device, the directory on which it is mounted, whether the file structure is read-only, and the date it was mounted. Only a privileged user can use the mount command. Options -a Mount all filesystems listed in /etc/fstab. Note: this is the only option that cannot take a special-device or node argument. -f Fake mount. Go through the motions of checking the device and directory, but do not actually mount the filesystem. -n Do not record the mount in /etc/mtab. -o option Note: this is the only option to mount that requires a special-device or node argument. Qualify the mount with one of the specified options: async Read input and output to the device asynchronously. auto Allow mounting with the -a option. Sponsored by:

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XML = Print number of current line. /pattern Search for pattern, skipping to numth occurrence if an argument is specified. n Repeat last search, skipping to numth occurrence if an argument is specified. !cmd, :!cmd Invoke shell and execute cmd in it. v Invoke vi editor on the file, at the current line. ^L Redraw screen. :n Skip to next file. :p Skip to previous file. :f Print current filename and line number. . Reexecute previous command. Examples Page through file in “clear” mode, and display prompts: more -cd file Format doc to the screen, removing underlines: nroff doc | more -u View the manpage for the grep command; begin near the word “BUGS” and compress extra whitespace: man grep | more +/BUGS -s Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands

O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless Page through the file by clearing each window instead of scrolling. This is sometimes faster. -r Force display of control characters, in the form ^x. -s Squeeze; display multiple blank lines as one. -u Suppress underline characters. Commands All commands in more are based on vi commands. An argument can precede many commands. SPACE Display next screen of text. z Display next lines of text, and redefine a screenful to lines lines. Default is one screenful. RETURN Display next lines of text, and redefine a screenful to lines lines. Default is one line. d, ^D Scroll lines of text, and redefine scroll size to lines lines. Default is one line. q, Q, INTERRUPT Quit. s Skip forward one line of text. f Skip forward one screen of text. b, ^B Skip backward one screen of text. ‘ Return to point where previous search began.

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online more [options] [files] Display the named files on a terminal, one screenful at a time. See less for an alternative to more. Some commands can be preceded by a number. Options +num Begin displaying at line number num. -num number Set screen size to number lines. +/pattern Begin displaying two lines before pattern. -c Repaint screen from top instead of scrolling. -d Display the prompt “Hit space to continue, Del to abort” in response to illegal commands; disable bell. -f Count logical rather than screen lines. Useful when long lines wrap past the width of the screen. -l Ignore form-feed (Ctrl-L) characters. -p Sponsored by:

XML Copyright 2000-2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All trademarks and registered trademarks appearing on the O’Reilly Network are the property of their respective owners. For problems or assistance with this site, email help@oreillynet.com

O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online modprobe [options] [modules] System administration command. With no options, attempt to load the specified module, as well as all modules on which it depends. If more than one module is specified, attempt to load further modules only if the previous module failed to load. Options -a Load all listed modules, not just the first one. -l [pattern] List all existing modules. This option may be combined with -t to specify a type of module, or you may include a pattern to search for. -r Remove the specified modules, as well as the modules on which they depend. -t type Load only a specific type of module. Consult /etc/conf.modules for the directories in which all modules of that type reside. Files /etc/conf.modules Information about modules: which ones depend on others, which directories correspond to particular types of modules. /sbin/insmod, /sbin/rmmod, /sbin/depmod Programs that modprobe relies on. Sponsored by: