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O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless Toggle partition’s bootable flag. d Delete partition (allow other partitions to use its space). g Alter the disk’s geometry. Prompt for what to change: cylinders, heads, or sectors (c, h, or s, respectively). h Help. m Attempt to ensure maximum usage of disk space in the partition. n Create a new partition. Prompt for more information. p Display the partition table. q Quit without saving information. t Prompt for a new filesystem type, and change to that type. u Change the partition size units, rotating from megabytes to sectors to cylinders and back. W Save information. Note that this letter must be uppercase. Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online cfdisk [options] [device] System administration command. Partition a hard disk. device may be /dev/hda (default), /dev/hdb, /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, or /dev/sdd. See also fdisk. Options -a Highlight the current partition with a cursor, not reverse video. -c cylinders Specify the number of cylinders. -h heads Specify the number of heads. -s sectors Specify the number of sectors per track. -z Do not read the partition table; partition from scratch. -P format Display the partition table in format, which must be r (raw data), s (sector order), or t (raw format). Commands up arrow, down arrow Move among partitions. b Sponsored by:

the input file. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line after the optional filename. #endif End a section of lines begun by a test directive (#if, #ifdef, or #ifndef). No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line. #ifdef name Lines following this directive and up to matching #endif or next #else or #elif will appear in the output if name is currently defined. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line after name. #ifndef name Lines following this directive and up to matching #endif or next #else or #elif will appear in the output if name is not currently defined. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line after name. #if constant-expression Lines following this directive and up to matching #endif or next #else or #elif will appear in the output if constant-expression evaluates to nonzero. #elif constant-expression An arbitrary number of #elif directives are allowed between an #if, #ifdef, or #ifndef directive and an #else or #endif directive. The lines following the #elif and up to the next #else, #elif, or #endif directive will appear in the output if the preceding test directive and all intervening #elif directives evaluate to zero, and the constant-expression evaluates to nonzero. If constant-expression evaluates to nonzero, all succeeding #elif and #else directives will be ignored. #else Lines following this directive and up to the matching #endif will appear in the output if the preceding test directive evaluates to 0, and all intervening #elif directives evaluate to 0. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line. #error Report fatal errors. #warning Report warnings, but then continue processing. Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands Copyright 2000-2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All trademarks and registered trademarks appearing on the O’Reilly Network are the property of their respective owners. For problems or assistance with this site, email help@oreillynet.com

Current filename (as a C string) __LINE__ Current source line number (as a decimal integer) __TIME__ Current time (e.g., 12:00:00) These special names can be used anywhere, including macros, just like any other defined names. cpp’s understanding of the line number and filename may be changed using a #line directive. Directives All cpp directive lines start with # in column 1. Any number of blanks and tabs is allowed between the # and the directive. The directives are: #assert name (string) Define a question called name, with an answer of string. Assertions can be tested with #if directives. The predefined assertions for #system, #cpu, and #machine can be used for architecture-dependent changes. #unassert name Remove assertion for question name. #define name token-string Define a macro called name, with a value of token-string. Subsequent instances of name are replaced with token-string. #define name( arg, … , arg ) token-string This allows substitution of a macro with arguments. token-string will be substituted for name in the input file. Each call to name in the source file includes arguments that are plugged into the corresponding args in tokenstring. #undef name Remove definition of the macro name. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line after name. #ident string Put string into the comment section of an object file. #include “filename”, #include Include contents of filename at this point in the program. No additional tokens are permitted on the directive line after the final ” or >. #line integer-constant “filename” Cause cpp to generate line-control information for the next pass of the C compiler. The compiler behaves as if integer-constant is the line number of the next line of source code and filename (if present) is the name of

XML Print pathnames of included files, one per line, on standard error. -Idir Search in directory dir for #include files whose names do not begin with / before looking in directories on standard list. #include files whose names are enclosed in double quotes and do not begin with / will be searched for first in the current directory, then in directories named on -I options, and last in directories on the standard list. -M [-MG] Suppress normal output. Print a rule for make that describes the main source file’s dependencies. If -MG is specified, assume that missing header files are actually generated files, and look for them in the source file’s directory. -MD file Similar to -M, but output to file; also compile the source. -MM Similar to -M. Describe only those files included as a result of #include “file”. -MMD file Similar to -MD, but describe only the user’s header files. -P Preprocess input without producing line-control information used by next pass of C compiler. -Uname Remove any initial definition of name, where name is a reserved symbol predefined by the preprocessor or a name defined on a -D option. Names predefined by cpp are unix and i386 (for Intel systems). -Wcomment, -Wcomments Warn when encountering the beginning of a nested comment. -Wtraditional Warn when encountering constructs that are interpreted differently in ANSI from traditional C. Special names cpp understands various special names, some of which are: __DATE__ Current date (e.g., Oct 10 1999) __FILE__

O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless When adding directories with -iwithprefix, prepend prefix to the directory’s name. -iwithprefix dir Append dir to the list of directories to be searched when a header file cannot be found in the main include path. If -iprefix has been set, prepend that prefix to the directory’s name. -lang-c, -lang-c++, -lang-objc, -lang-objc++ Expect the source to be in C, C++, Objective C, or Objective C++, respectively. -lint Display all lint commands in comments as #pragma lint command. -nostdinc Search only specified, not standard, directories for header files. -nostdinc++ Suppress searching of directories believed to contain C++-specific header files. -pedantic Warn verbosely. -pedantic-errors Produce a fatal error in every case in which -pedantic would have produced a warning. -traditional Behave like traditional C, not ANSI. -undef Suppress definition of all nonstandard macros. -Aname[=def] Assert name with value def as if defined by a #assert. -C Pass along all comments (except those found on cpp directive lines). By default, cpp strips C-style comments. -Dname[=def] Define name with value def as if by a #define. If no =def is given, name is defined with value 1. -D has lower precedence than -U. -H

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online cpp [options] [ ifile [ ofile ] ] GNU C language preprocessor. cpp is invoked as the first pass of any C compilation by the gcc command. The output of cpp is a form acceptable as input to the next pass of the C compiler, and cpp normally invokes gcc after it finishes processing. ifile and ofile are, respectively, the input and output for the preprocessor; they default to standard input and standard output. Options -$ Do not allow $ in identifiers. -dM Suppress normal output. Print series of #defines that create the macros used in the source file. -dD Similar to -dM but exclude predefined macros and include results of preprocessing. -idirafter dir Search dir for header files when a header file is not found in any of the included directories. -imacros file Process macros in file before processing main files. -include file Process file before main file. -iprefix prefix Sponsored by:

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O’Reilly Books Latest LAMP Titles: mod_perl Pocket Reference SQL in a Nutshell Network Printing Books by topic: Linux Open Source Security System and Network Administration Unix Web and Internet O’Reilly Network Technologies: ONJava.com ONLamp.com openp2p.com Perl.com XML.com Apache BSD Java Javascript and CSS Linux Mac Mozilla .NET P2P Perl Policy PHP Python Web Services Wireless

Sponsored by: Search | Newsletter | Conference | Tech Jobs O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference: May 13-16, 2002 Articles Linux Apache MySQL Perl PHP Python BSD Essentials What is LAMP? The Best of ONLamp.com aboutSQL Big Scary Daemons FreeBSD Basics HTTP Wrangler Linux in the Enterprise Linux Network Administration The Linux Professional Perl P5P Digest Archive PHP Admin Basics PHP Phanatics Python_News Security Alerts Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online. Buy it now Read it online cc [options] files See gcc. Return to: Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands Sponsored by: